REPORT OF REVIEW MISSION ON SECTOR REFORMS AND TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN PROJECTS IN AMARAVATI AND DHULE DISTRICTS IN MAHARASHTRA

29TH JULY – 1ST AUGUST, 2003 Government of India Ministry of Rural Development Department of Drinking Water Supply Executive Summary

The Review Mission to Maharashtra visited the SR and TSC projects in Amravati and Dhule Districts between 29th July- 1st August, 2003. Detailed Report on SRP & TSC is attached. The major observations of the Mission are as under:

1. Initial hiccups and delay

The Mission noted the reasons of initial hiccups and delay and the corrective actions taken/ being taken at all levels to sort out the problems. The Mission felt that the implementation of the approved Sector Reform & TSC projects in Amaravati & Dhule in Maharashtra State was picking up after initial hiccups and delay.

2. Role of Community and Demand driven approach

High degree community participation in decision making process in areas like selection of source, scheme, award of work, purchase of material, determination of beneficiaries contribution from each household, O& M process, fixation of water tariff, duration of supply, maintaining water quality etc. has been observed in the villages, visited by the Review Mission, where IEC & HRD inputs have reached.

3. Institutionalization aspects

DWSM, DWSC & VWSCs are formed and meetings are held as per SR Guidelines in both the districts. DWSMs have bank accounts. In Amravati 756 VWSCs formed out of which 705 opened their bank accounts. In Dhule 670 VWSCs formed out of which 117 started collection of public contribution and only 61 mobilized required public contribution, opened bank accounts and deposited the money in the banks. VWSCs have prepared and are maintaining the registers/documents as per Guidelines except in one area i.s. opening of separate accounts for SRP and TSC as well separate accounts for capital works and O& M. During field visit it was observed in both the districts that single bank account for SRP,TSC and O&M is maintained by each VWSC. This needs to be rectified at the earliest.

4. Identification and selection of NGOs

At the State level meeting on 13 November, 2000, 11 NGOs were identified for further selection by DWSM. However, DWSM Dhule in Governing body meeting identified and selected two NGOs for IEC and other activities under “PRAKALP” on 5 March,2002. DWSM Amravati identified and selected 3 NGOs.

5. Development of Capacity Building Materials

As per the guidelinesof Maharashtra G.R. No.Graswaka-2000/cr-416/papu-16 Dated 16.9.2000, DWSC Dhule 4 Advertising agencies empanelled by State Govt. for preparation of IEC material. The material like posters, pamphlets, the wall calenders & table calenders were prepared.The Review Mission had the opportunity to see some of the publicity material in the villages visited by them. It was reported to the Mission that the IEC material developed under SRP & TSC has been distributed to the villages. The Mission was pleased to see the training material developed by Mahapani in local Marathi Language for training of Multi Disciplinary Team(MDT) comprising of local representatives, BDOs, Dy. Engineers, JEs, MOs, EOs, ICDS/CDPOs, VP staff, Anganwadi workers, Extension Officers. The Mission had the opportunity to have an access to the 16 field oriented Booklets handed over by Mahapani to Zilla Parishad, Dhule.

6. Capacity Building

The Capacity Building was carried out at 3 levels in Dhule viz. elected representatives, officers of DSU and representatives of NGOs. Capacity Building activities of 3 types: (a) Awareness Workshop; (b) Training activity for Officers of DSU and NGO representatives;(c) activity in a model village which is selected by the ZP. Training of Multi Disciplinary Team (MDT) comprising of local Representatives, BDOs, Dy. Engineers, MOs, EOs, VP tariff, ICDS/CDPOs, Anganwadi workers, Extn. Officers, JEs were conducted and detailed information was given to the taluka level implementing agencies about SRP. The effects of this did not trickle down to VWSCs with the required speed in Dhule District. Mahapani, a consortium of 4 firms, has been directed recently by CEO Dhule to concentrate building capacity at VWSC level to expedite completion of ongoining schemes by 31 December,2003.

7. Sound Technical Scrutiny of Water Supply Schemes

The Mission was pleased to note that proper scrutiny of source, pipe lines, pumps and pumping system, civil structure, ESR( taking into account capacity of existing ESR and giving priority to repair the existing ESR), etc. have saved about Rs.295.00 lakh under SRP in Dhule.

8. Implementation

Selection of consultant, tendering, work order ,purchase of materials etc. in all phaes,the role of VWSCs was clearly visible as per SRP Guidelines. SRP schemes in both the districts are implemented either by (a) VWSC direct or (b) through NGO as selected by the VWSC,or (c) through a consultant selected by the VWSC/or (d) through contractors by inviting tenders.

9.User satisfaction

In Amravati user satisfaction was observed in the villages where the scheme under SRP & TSC had been completed. Where as in Dhule, not a single scheme under SRP is completed and as such it was not possible to assess user satisfaction. However, those who had given their share of contribution for the SRP implementation, are awaiting with lots of hope of getting sustainable supply of drinking water with assured quantity and quality. High level of user satisfaction was observed in Takli Pada village(100% Tribal population), in Dhule District, which is now 100% free from open defecation. Commendable community participation (in all stages and particularly “Shramdan”) was observed in this village.

10. Integration of Water supply & Sanitation

Though the Department is known as Water supply and Sanitation Department, but at field level such integrated approach is absent.While visiting Takli Pada wadi (100% Tribal population) which is one of the three wadis of a main village, it was observed that the this wadi has been made 100% “open defecation free” recently. This has been possible with the strong IEC & HRD support for sanitation by a dedicated NGO. In this village,2 Hand Pumps present of which only one is working and the other is non –functioning for a long time. There is one Sanitation Committee in this wadi. But in this Sanitation Committee, there is no representative from the VWSC which is established in the main village of this wadi. Similarly, in the Sanitation Committee of this wadi, there is no representative of VWSC of the main village. IEC & HRD strategy and activities for water supply and sanitation at village level need to be integrated at the earliest for effective utiluization manpower and money and get a better return of a Rupee being invested under SRP & TSC.

11.Need for cohesive effort at district level

Health & Education Departments’ contribution to the effective implementation of SR process is not visible. Officers & field staff of these two Departments at District and village levels need to be proactive in SR process and its implementation. During the wrapping meetings with the Principal Secretary, Water Supply & Sanitation Department, Government of Maharashtra on 1 August, 2003 at Mumbai and with the President of the DWSM and the Chairman (CEO of the District and Member Secretary of DWSM) of the DWSC on 31 July, 2003 at Dhule, the above observation of the Review Mission was brought to their notice for consideration and appropriate action. The Principal Secretary appreciated the observation and agreed to send appropriate advice to all concerned in Districts.

12. Need for Health Impact Assessment

Health department has to play a major role to initiate pre-project and post-project Health surveys in SRP & TSC villages in order to ascertain the impact of SRP & TSC implementation on human health in the such villages and give a feed back to the DWSM & DWSC for effective implementation of SRP & TSC by VWSC. Observation of the Review Mission was brought to the notice of CEO and Principal Secretary. They have agreed to consider the suggestion in consultation with Health Department.

13. O & M and Water Tariff

The willingness of the community to pay for better service was clearly discernible in both the Districts. The users were willingly paying and agreed to pay the water and sanitation charge in Amravati & Dhule as per following rates:

(a)Water Supply through

*House Service Connection
: Rs.640/- per connection per year in Zada village in Amravati & all the remaining villages in Amravati and Dhule @ Rs.365/- per connection per year

*Public Stand Post
: Rs. 75/- per HH per year in Amravati & Rs.50/- per HH per year in Dhule

(b) Sanitation
: Rs.72/- per HH per year

(c) An Encouraging Case Study:Pimpalner Water Supply Scheme in Dhule While checking the proceedings of the VWSC Pimpalner, it was observed during the last 3 meetings of the VWSC,they deliberated on O & M and tariff issues in details and in their meeting on 7 January,2003,VWSC decided to restrict annual O & M expenditure to Rs. 310,000/-as against approved annual expenditure of Rs.812,000/-as per approved SRP for this scheme. The Mission wanted to understand how the cost has been prouned down. The Mission was highly impressed to get technical clarification. Based on clarifications received the Review Mission’s analysis and observations are recorded in the main Report. The Mission noted that envisaged annual saving of Rs. 205,000/- as against current annual deficit of Rs.65,000/-.The Chairman of the VWSC Pimpalner mentioned to Review Mission that they are thinking to keep the savings in fixed deposit as seed money for future utilization on the scheme as would be required .This is a very positive thinking on the part of VWSC.

14.Quality of construction and materials

In SRP this aspects are being given attention through technical support of Individual Consultant/Consultancy firm/NGO. However,at the district level, an independent third party assessment and certification of quality of construction & material is essential to enable the VWSC and DWSC to take corrective measures and effective implementation of the approved project. In TSC this aspects need special attention of DWSC.

15. Water Quality Consciousness

The field visit revealed that VWSCs are being trained to maintain quality of water they would providing to the beneficiaries. DWSC should ensure that all VWSCs staff are trained in this area and water quality is maintained in the SRP villages.

16.Timely Release of Funds

The Mission observed that delay in release of second instalment of GOI share was cause of concern for VWSCs executing the schemes and the District authorities of Amravati and Dhule. Both the Districts had become eligible for release of second instalment of GOI share.They had forwarded their claims to GOI.They have also submitted (a) Audit Reports;(b) Utilization Certificates; ( c) Latest Physical and Financial Progress Reports. These are placed at Annex — The district authorities requested that release of instalments should not be tied up to reports of Review Mission as this causes delay.

17. Net Requirment of Funds

Two Sector Reform Projects one each in Amravati and Dhule Districts in Maharashtra

Two Sector Reform Projects one each in Amravati and Dhule Districts in Maharashtra

                                                                                                      ( Rs. In lakh)

Sl. No.                        Items                   Amravati        Dhule

1.   Cost of sanctioned schemes

(a) GOI Share                                      1338.63              2191.83

(a)    Community contribution              148.74                243.53

(b)   Total                                              1487.37               2435.36

1624.92@

2.   Funds released/available           

(b)   Community contribution              77.18                    152.75

(c)   Interest                                           54.84                    126.18             

(d)   Total                                             724.07                  1386.81  

3.   Expenditure reported (as on 30 June,2003)

(a) GOI share                                   542.35                    715.64

(b) Community contribution                   -                       148.11

(c) Interest                                               -                           Nil

(d) Total                                        542.35                      863.76

4.  Released/ available funds yet to be utilized

(a) GOI share                                      1.79                  392.24

(b) Community contribution               540                       4.64

(c) Interest                                            Nil                    126.18

(d)Total                                              1.79                    523.06

5. Net requirment of funds as 2nd Instalment 794.49 870.00

@Total approved cost for SRP in Dhule was Rs.3952.78 lakh vide GOI letter dated 13 March,2000 (GOI share:Rs.3692.96 lakh and Community contribution: Rs.259.82 lakh) for 498 villages. Out of which 117 schemes for 117 villages at estimated cost of Rs.2435.36 lakh and 35 school water supply schemes for 35 schools at estimated cost of Rs.2.22 lakh were taken up in Phase-1(GOI share: Rs.2294.05 lakh and Cc: Rs. 243.53 lakh). It was intimated to the Review Mission that out of 117 schemes ,Technical Sanctions were given to 91 schemes at estimated cost of Rs.1904.28 lakh against which Administrative Approval was given only for 66 schemes at approved cost of Rs.1624.92 lakh. Rs.152.75 lakh Community contribution collected from 66 villages and 1st instalment of Rs. 505.67 lakh distributed to 61 villages out of 1st instalment of GOI share of Rs. 1107.88 lakh received vide Sanction order No. W.11037/34/99-TM.III dated 13 March,2000.

18. Release of Second Instalment for Sector Reform Pilot Projects

The Mission recommends early release of 2nd instalment and making available to the Sector Reform Projects in Amarvati and Dhule to ensure timely (by 31 December,2003) completion of ongoing schemes subject to fulfillment of conditions prescribed by the Ministry.

(a) Amravati           :   Rs.    794.49   lakh

(b) Dhule               :   Rs.    870.00   lakh

      Total            :   Rs.  1664.49   lakh

19. Fund position on TSC

(Rs. in lakh)

Sl. No.              Item                     Amravati                  Dhule

1.  Sanctioned  amount

(a) GOI share                            1097.65                       722.80

(b)  State share                            337.13                       220.78

(c)  PC                                            225.62                       140.97

(d) Total                                        1660.40                     1084.55

2.   Released

(a) GOI share                               329.30                         216.84

(b)  State share                            167.40                         160.32                            

(c)  PC                                              40.80                             1.70

(d) Interest accrued                       25.00                                 -

Total                                                562.50                        378.86                                   

3. Expenditure (as on 30 June,2003)

(a) GOI share                      245.58                           64.06               

(b) State share                   158.58                         110.65                           

(c)  PC                                 32.09                             1.70                                  

(d) Total                             436.25**                       176.41*  

                                         ( 77.55%)                      (46.82%)                            

4.  Available funds yet to be utilized

(a) GOI share                                  88.72                    152.78

(b)  State share                                      8.82                 49.67

(c)  PC                                                     8.01                   N.A

(d)   Interest                                           25.00                        -

(e) Total                                      125.55(22.45%)      202.45 (53.18%)

 Very Poor Utilization of GOI share under TSC in Dhule. The public          contribution share is also very unsatisfactory. It shows that strong and dedicated efforts for motivation at all levels under TSC in Dhule is  essential. DWSC should address this issue on High Priority. “No” release of 2^nd Instalment for TSC is recommended for Dhule District.

Keeping in view  expenditure incurred etc.,  the Review  Mission recommends release of 2^nd Instalment for TSC in Amravati District. Subject to fulfillment conditions prescribed by the Ministry.

REPORT OF REVIEW MISSION ON SECTOR REFORM AND TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN PROJECTS IN
AMRAVATI AND DHULE DISTRICTS IN
MAHARASHTRA STATE (29 JULY-1 AUGUST, 2003)

SECTOR REFORM PROJECTS
Introduction

A Review Mission comprising of Shri C.Ganapathy, Additional Adviser(PHE) and Shri M.M.Datta, Sanitary Engineer, WHO (Retd.) visited Amravati and Dhule districts in Maharashtra State from 29 July, 2003 to Ist August, 2003 for review of the Sector Reform Projects and Total Sanitation Campaign projects.

Methodology

On arrival at Mumbai on 29 July, 2003, the Mission had preliminary briefing meeting with Shri Sudhir Thackare, Deputy Secretary & Director RPMU, Water Supply and Sanitation Department, Government of Maharashtra, Officers of State Government and officers from WSP, World Bank at Mumbai before commencing the field visits. The two member Mission were divided into two Groups. Shri C.Ganapathy, Addl. Adviser(PHE) and two officials one each from the State Government and WSP, World Bank Mumbai visited Amravati. Shri M.M.Datta, WHO Sanitary Engineer (Retd.) and two officials one each from the State Government and WSP, World Bank Mumbai visited Dhule district. 6 villages in Amravati District and 4 villages (3 SR & 1 TSS) in Dhule District were visited by the team. The selection of the villages was made in such a manner as to cover almost all phases of the Sector Reform Projects, such as Institutional phase, Sensitisation and Identification phase,Scheme/System Planning and Implementation and Completion phase.

Both the Groups visited the Sector Reform and Total Sanitation Campaign projects which were/are completed/ongoing/in progress to be taken up i.e. projects which arw under different stages/process of implementation/ completion. Each Group on arrival & before leaving respective districts had briefing and debriefing meetings with the respective President of the DWSM and the Chairman & CEO of DWSC and concerned officials & Member Secretary of DWSC. The two Groups returned to Mumbai on Ist August, 2003 and met Shri B.C.Khatua, Principal Secretary, Water Supply and Sanitation Department, Government of Maharashtra in his Chamber and had wrap up meeting with him wherein he was apprised of the major observations in respect of the implementation of Sector Reform Projects and Total Sanitation Campaign in Amaravati and Dhule Districts. The list of officials met during the visit is given in Annex.1.

Field Visits

1. Amravati District
1.1 Sector Reform Project

Amravati District consists of 14 taluks. There are 840 Gram Panchayats and 1996 revenue villages in the district. The total population is 22,08,568 (14,79,603 rural and 7,28,965 urban) water supply has been provided through 390 PWSS for individual villages, 5 regional water supply schemes, 683 power pumps and 5224 hand pumps in the rural areas.

The Sector Reform Project for Amravati District was sanctioned during February, 2000 for an estimated cost of Rs.2126.00 lakhs as per the details given below :-

List of officials met in given in Annex.1. List of places visited is given in Annex.2. A sum of Rs.5,92,05,000/- was released by Government of India during March, 2000. Copy given in Annex.3.

2.Dhule District
2.2 Sector Reform(SR) Pilot Project

There are 986 habitations in 670 revenue villages under 4 block and 546 Gram Panchayts.Average population per habitation reported 1281.It was reported during field visit that out of 986 havbitations,924 are having access (93%) and 24 (7%) do not have access to drinking water supply in Dhule District.

670 VWSCs formed in the District of which 117 started collection of beneficiaries contribution and 61 collected beneficiaries contribution, opened Bank Accounts and deposited the collection(as on 30 June,2003). The DWSC submitted the Project for water supply & sanitation on 15 November,1999 to the State Govt.The Administrative Sanction of GOI for the SR Project was received by DWSC on 4 February,2000 after about 2.5 months of submission of the project by DWSC to the State Govt. The total approved cost of the pilot project under SR in Dhule District was Rs.3952.78 lakh of which GOI share(90%) was Rs.3692.96 and Public Contribution envisaged (less than 10%) as about Rs.259.82. Release of First Instalment of Rs.1107.88 lakh GOI share was conveyed to Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran,Mumbai vide Dept. of Drinking Water Supply,MORD,GOI letter No.W.11037/34/99-TM.III,dated,13 March,2000.

The Sector Reform Project for Dhule District(117 villages under Phase-1 & 381 villages under Phase-2) was sanctioned for an estimated cost of Rs.3952.78 lakh as per the details given below :

(Rs.in lakh)

2.3 Position of SR Pilot Project in Dhule District as noted during field visit:

In Phase 1 :
(a) 117 Nos. piped water supply schemes at estimated cost of Rs. 2435.36( GOI share : Rs.2191.99 lakh; PC : Rs. 243.54 lakh) plus 35 Nos. water supply schemes for 35 schools at estimated cost of Rs.2.22 lakh were taken up under SR Pilot Project.

(b) 117 Nos. Schemes,as reported to the the Mission, are in 3 Stages Viz.
Cat. A : 12 Nos. advance stage of completion by August/Sept.2003;
Cat. B : 79 Nos. likely to be completed by end of Dec.2003
Cat. C : 26 Nos. likely by Feb.2004

( c) Out of 91 schemes given at (b) above under Cat. “A” and Cat. “B”. Administrative approval (A/A) accorded for 66 schemes at estimated cost of Rs.1624.92 lakh (GOI share: Rs.1472.17 lakh and Public Contribution collected and deposited Rs.152.75 of which Rs.148.11 lakh utilized for 66 schemes.

Out of GOI 1st Instalment Rs,1107.88 lakh released for 117 schemes, Rs,505.67 lakh has been distributed to 61 schemes (12 Nos. under Cat. A and 54 Nos. under Cat. B. Out of 66 Administratively approved schemes), leaving balance GOI 1st nstalment released available : Rs. 602.21 lakh (as on 30 June,2003) yet to be distributed. To complete administravely approved ongoing 66 schemes, requirment of GOI share : Rs.1472.17 lakh – Rs. 505.67 lakh = Rs. 867.50 lakh for Hardware. If the balance available released GOI share of Rs. 602.21 lakh is directed to distribute only to A/A approved 66 schemes, then 2nd instalment of release would be Rs.867.50 lakh – Rs. 602.21 = Rs.265.29 lakh. But if 91 Technically approved ( GOI share : Rs. 1713.66 lakh; PC :Rs. 190.42 lakh) schemes are considered and balance available already released GOI share of Rs. 602.21 lakh are permitted to distribute (91-66=25) to balance 25 villages, then 2nd instalment release would be Rs.867.50 lakh to complete 66 ongoining schemes by 31 Decmember,2003 + Rs. 2.22 lakh for completion of 35 water supply chemes for 35 schools by 31December,2003.Therefore, GOI share of Rs. 869.72 lakh, rounded to Rs.870 .00 lakh , may be released as Second Instalment for SR Pilot Project in Dhule District.

A : Expected to be completed by August/September,2003 (12 Nos. Schemes);
B : Mentioned to be completed by December, 2003 : 7 9 Nos. Schemes. But according to Review Mission’s Assessment 54 Nos. Schemes in Cat. B are expected to be completed by 31 December,2003. The review Mission noted that in respect of the balance (79-54)= 25 Nos. schemes, reported to be ongoing,

(a) Administrative Approval (A/As) are yet to be given

(b) First Instalment of GOI share are yet to be released These schemes are bound to spill over in the next year.These can be considered under “Swajaldhara” at appropriate time,if balance available 1st instalment released under SRP are permitted to release for these 25 schemes at the earliest.

(c) Schemes are at an early stage of sensitization/identification phase. Technically sound schemes are yet to be prepared, thereafter Technical Approval (T/A), A/A are to be obtained. According to assessment of the Review Mission, these 26 schemes can not be completed under SR Project by 31st Dec.,2003 and as such no central share is recommended for these schemes under SR Pilot Project. These can be considered under “Swajaldhara” at appropriate time.

(d) It was reported to the mission that to complete ongoing 91 schemes, Rs. 1239.27 lakh is necessary.It was also mentioned that 26 schemes (as mentioned at “C” stage above) have already got A/A on the condition of availability of fund from GOI to which Rs. 531.07 lakh is necessary( in an another statement Rs. 478.14 lakh has been requested). For completion of 117 schemes requirement of Rs. 1770.34 lakh has been projected as 2nd instalment GOI share.

(e) Analysis of Fund position for SR Pilot Project in Dhule District (As on 30th June, 2003):
(i) Total available funds in Dhule District as on 30th June, 2003 under SR Pilot Project

1.  GOI  share

(First installment made available in March 13,2003) :  Rs.1107.88   lakh

2.  Interest amount                                                             :    Rs.  126.18   lakh

3.  Public Contribution                                                       :    Rs.  152.75   lakh*

                                                                                    Total:    Rs. 1386.81   lakh

from 61 VWSCs

(ii)Total Expenditure in Dhule District as on 30 June,2003 under SR Pilot Project

1.Software components and Hardware : Rs. 715.65 lakh

2. Public Contribution : Rs. 148.11 lakh

Total : Rs. 863.76 lakh

(iii) Total balance funds available for SR Pilot Project in Dhule District (as on 30th June, 2003) :Rs. 1386.81 lakh – Rs. 863.76 lakh = Rs. 523.05 lakh*( Balance expected P.C from 117 sanctioned schemes under Phase-1:Rs.243.55 lakh- Rs.152.75 lakh = Rs. 90.80 and balance expected PC from 91 ( out of 117 sanctioned) Technically approved schemes: Rs.190.42 lakh – Rs.152.75 lakh = Rs.37.67 lakh has not been considered since the Review Mission feels that all the 117 schemes can not be completed by 31st December, 2003 and as such second installment of GOI share should be given to such schemes which would be completed by 31st December, 2003. According to assessment of the Mission, out of 117 sanctioned schemes, 66 ongoing schemes (as on 31st July, 2003) are expected to be completed by 31st December, 2003.

(iv) After release of Second Instalment of GOI share of Rs. 870.00 lakh to Dhule District for completion of 66 ongoing schemes and 35 water supply schemes for 35 schools under by 31st December, 2003, total GOI share which would be available for SR Pilot Project in Dhule District is Rs.1107.88 lakh as 1st Inst.+ Rs. 870.00 lakh as 2nd instalment = Rs.1977.88 lakh.

(v) WSC Dhule should authorize the concerned VWSCs to utilize available funds without further loss of time.

(vi) GOI may wish consider to release the Second Instalment (Rs. 870.00 lakh) to DWSC Dhule for completion of ongoing schemes under SR Pilot Project by 31st December, 2003 (12 ongoing schemes at advance stage of completion by August/September,2003 and balance 54 ongoing schemes + 35 water supply Schemes for 35 schools by 31st December, 2003).

(vii) GOI may wish to consider 51 spillover out of 117 Phase-1 schemes and 381 Phase-2 schemes of SR Pilot Project in Dhule District for central assistance under “Swajaldhara” Scheme.

3. SECTOR REFORM PILOT PROJECTS: REVIEW MISSION’S
OBSERVATIONS
3.1 Institutional Frame Work

State Water and Sanitation Mission has been constituted by Government of Maharashtra. Copy of Government Order is given in Annex.4. All the Presidents of Zilla Panchayats and Chief Executive Officers(CEOs.) of Zilla Panchayats of the Sector Reform Districts including Amaravati & Dhule are members of the State Water and Sanitation Mission.

3.2 District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM)
District Water and Sanitation Mission for Amaravati has been constituted in the district and is headed by President, Zilla Panchayat and the Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Panchayat is the Member Secretary. Copy of Government Order given in Annex.5A.

DWSM for Dhule was registered by Societies Act 1860 on 15 September.2000. Registration copy and Members list are at Annex.5B & Annex.5C respectively.

Smt. Sangita Desle, President, Zilla Panchayat, Dhule is currently heading the DWSM and Sri Vilas Thakur, CEO, Dhule is its Member Secretary District has opened the Bank Account of DWSM (Account No.01190005008 in the SBI in Dhule on 25 February,2000).During the period 11.9.2000 to 21.4.2003,DWSM had 6 meetings. Excellent understanding between the President and Member Secretary observed.

3.3 District Water and Sanitation Committee (DWSC)

District Water Committee and District Sanitation Committee have been formed for the implementation of Sector Reform Projects and Total Sanitation Campaign Projects. District Water and Sanitation Committees are headed by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Zilla Panchayat and Executive Engineer, Zilla Panchayat is the Member Secretary for the Water Committee and Additional Chief Executive Officer is the Member Secretary for the District Sanitation Committee. Copy of Government Order is given in Annex.6.

DWSC Dhule had 12 meetings during the period 14th November, 2000 to 25th June, 2003. Meetings are held once in every three months. 80% of the Members attiended the DWSC meetings regularly. All the issues were discussed openly & transparently. Representatives of NGOs were also participated in the meetings of DWSC. Sometimes officials of DWSM were also invited to participate in the DWSC meetings.

3.4. Village Water and Sanitation Committee(s)

In Amaravati, Sector Reform Project and Total Sanitation Project are implemented through village Water and Sanitation Committees formed at village level out of 1631 villages, 756 VWSCs have been formed upto end of July, 2003 and 705 VWSCs. Have opened bank accounts. MOU has been signed by 127 villages and for all the 127 villages water supply schemes have been prepared and approved and under implementation or completed.

It was reported to the Review Mission in Dhule that the constitution of the VWSC has been prescribed in Govt. Resolution ,Water Supply & Sanitation Dept.,No.Misc-1098/cr.224/WS-07, dated 16 January,1999. In Dhule District 670 VWSCs have been formed through NGO & DSU. 117 VWSCs started collection of beneficiaries contribution of which 61 VWSCs have collected beneficiaries contribution, opened Bank Accounts and deposited the money (position as on 30th June, 2003).

Special training programme of Z.P/P.S members/Sarpanch & Gramsevakas were conducted by DWSC on 5 and 6 Dec.2000 and detailed information was given about all aspests of preparation and formation of VWSCs.Also full page news paper adv. About the formation, duties and responsibilities of VWSCs were given in the leading newspapers on 9th and 10th December, 2000.

The Mission observed that Ranmala VWSC has 12 members of which 6 members are women (50%). 2 SCs ( 25%) are in the VWSC Ranmala (out 6 women members one belongs to SC Cat. and out of 6 male members, one belongs to SC Cat.). Documents/records,Pass Books,Cash Books etc. maintained by the VWSCs visited by the Mission cheked and were found in order as per financial Guidelines under SR Pilot Project..

3.5 Support Organisation (S.O.)

Mahapani Consortium, Pune (Scott Wilson Krickpatrick Pvt. Ltd., Delhi) and Swayam Shikshan Prayog, Mumbai are working as support organisations in this district for capacity development and other training facilities for NGOs., officials, non-officials, VWSC members, GP members etc. Details given in Annex.7.
In Dhule District the following Organizations are providing support:
Technical Consultants
JPS Associates
Scott Willson(MAHAPANI Consortium)
Tata Consultancy Services.

3.6 Core Group

In Amravati District, a Core Group has been formed by DWSC with the following members for smooth and speedy implementation of the projects:

a. Project Manager and Addl. CEO
b. Deputy CEO, Panchayat
c. Executive Engineer (RWSS)
d. Geologist
e. District Coordinator (Kum.Sangita Pande)
f. RuraL Technical Officer (Sh.Nitin Umap)
g. Sectional Engineers
h. Project Assistant
i. Accounts Officer.

The Core Group in Dhule District comprises of following members:
- CEO
- Executive Engineer
- Dy. Engineer
- Sectional Engineers
- Geologists
- Accounts Officer
- Participatory Development Specialist/Dist. Coordinator
- MIS Officers
- Support staff

3.7 Identification of NGOs

Three NGOs. have been appointed by Government of Maharashtra and are with DWSC as members. They are also involved in the implementation of IEC activities in the district. Details given in Annex.8. Following are the three NGOs. working in the district :-

1. Sahyog Youth Welfare Society, Amravati.
2. Sanskar Vahani Gram Vikas Sikshan Sanstha, Amravati.
3. Shri Gajanan Maharaj Khrush Va Shaikshauik Sanstha, Umbukhed, Tauk Deogaon Raja, Amravati.

Shri Naodkishor Javarkar from Ground Water Survey and Development, Ku.Sangita Pande and Shri Nitin Umap have been appointed on contract basis for implementation of the project.

In Dhule District, it was reported that as per State level meeting held on 13th November, 2000, 11 NGOs were identified for further selection by DWSM. However, DWSM Governing Body meeting identified & selected the following Two NGOs for IEC and other activities under “PRAKALP” on 5th March, 2002:
1. Vanarai Mitra Mandal
2. Sanskar Vahini Sanstha

4. Identification Phase in Dhule District

In Dhule it was noted that a demand for water supply scheme from a village /wadi is made by the Gram Panchayat of the area in which such village/wadi falls as per the policy enunciated under Govt. Resolution, Water Supply & Sanitation Dept. No. RWS-1099/CR-328/WS-O7, dated 27th July,2003.
It was observed that the project concept is based on community participation and demand driven approach which is different from the normative PHED top down approach for drinking water service delivery as per SR Guidelines.

5. IEC & HRD activities in Dhule District

As per Govt. Guidelines District level IEC Cell has been set up in the Z.P.premises in Dhule District,to coordinate the activities of “PRAKALP’. The Mission noted that a gazetted Class-1 Officer has been assigned the job of liaison officer of the IEC Cell. On a query, it was reported that for effective execution of project, LCD projectors, power generation for IEC Cell, plastic projector screen with stand, 5 Nos. Xerox machines, 6 Nos. Computers, TV & VCR, Fax machine, 10 Nos. survey levels, Air conditioner , furnitures and fixtures for IEC Cell, plastic chairs and executive chairs have been procured. In this connection attention of CEO and chairman of DWSC as well as the President & chairperson of DWSM were drawn to the Dept. of Drinking Water Supply, MORD, GOI letter No.W-11042/12/2002-TM.III, dated 4 Dec. 2002 addressed to the State Secretaries In-charge of RWS in all State Governments & Union Territories. Total expenditure for all those items were reported Rs.19.39661 lakhs. It was also clarified that after deducting the depreciation of Rs.7.53756 lakh, total amount of Rs. 11.85905 lakh was shown in the audited utilization certificate. Copy enclosed at Annex.8

6. Base line survey in Amravati District

Base Line Survey in all the 1631 villages of the Amravati District have been completed using PRA & PLA method through NGOs and Support Organisations.

6.1 Base Line Survey in Dhule District

In Dhule District ,to implement IEC programme,primary baseline has been completed by Z.P. machinery. The futther detailed action plan based on baseline survey (technical & social) has been designed by NGOs with consultation of DWSM. It is also completed.

7. Selection of Village in Amravati District

Due to effective base line survey the exact need of sanitation and drinking water supply problem/requirement of the village was assessed. By selecting such village for execution of water supply and sanitation schemes through community participation different IEC tools like information booklets, flash cards, posters, flip charts, leaflets, pamphlet, folk songs, street plays, documentary films etc. were used and process of community participation and collection of community contribution has been achieved.

Out of 1631 villages/habitations in 1040 habitations IEC activities were taken up, in 756 habitations VWSCs formed and in 705 habitations/VWSCs bank accounts have been opened. About 6600 persons have been trained so far in various aspects/activities involved in the implementation of Sector Reform Projects and Total Sanitation Campaign projects in the district.

A sum of Rs.77.18 lakhs has been contributed by the community so far towards the capital cost of schemes (Rs.74.18 lakhs for community water supply schemes from 15,305 persons and Rs.3.00 lakhs for school water supply from 7500 persons).

7.1 Selection of Village in Dhule District

As per the demand received from the 670 VWSCs,the villages were prioritized according to NC/PC/NSS/Scarcity Status. Out of 670 villages,498 were considered ( 117 under Phase-1 & 281 under Phase-2) under SR Pilot Project. Motivationfor the demand was given by the NGOs.

8. Choice of Technology etc. in Amravati District

According to the actual need/requirement of drinking water supply, Gram Sabha decides the type of schemes by choosing the best alternative which is affordable, acceptable, sustainable and economical from their point of view. For arriving at such conclusions by the community through Gram Sabhas, the SOS, NGOs.and Government officials provide relevant technical support and guidance.

8.1 Choice of Technology etc. in Dhule District

Various options of schemes were put before Gram Sabha by the Technical Consultants/NGOs/Villagers themselves. The options are discussed in detailed in the Gram Sabha and the most feasible option is selected by Gram Sabha. From the records made available to the Mission and observation in the field visit and discussions with VWSCs members, the mission noted that community participation in decision making process has started in varying degrees in SR Pilot Project in the district.

The Mission noted that along with Technology Options, in the scheme/system planning process, attitudinal changes are gradually taking place at all levels.Participatory demand driven approach with sustainability concept is gradually creeping in. However,it is yet to acquire full shape in the district.

On the whole Govt. of Maharashtra, Dept. of Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation, Resolution No. RWS-1001/CR-190/WS-07,Mumbai, dated, 3 Sept.2001 are being followed in the District.

9. Plan and Implementation in Amravati District

The Gram Sabha has its own choice to engage technical adviser/consultant to prepare plans and estimates for their choice of schemes and getting implemented through VWSC.

It is understood some of the VWSCs engaged private consultants, Engineering Colleges to prepare plans and estimates and implemented through contractors engaged by themselves. Few of the schemes were implemented by themselves by engaging labourers etc. The materials required for implementation were also purchased by them. In a village, namely, Zada with 1453 (91) population having 369 households a water supply scheme (construction of ESR and pipe line) is under implementation at an estimated cost of Rs.10.60 lakhs. A sum of Rs.6,40,725/- was alone released to the VWSC by DWSM. The scheme is under implementation by the VWSC by engaging labourers required for the scheme. An engineer has been hired/employed by VWSC to supervise the implementation. Since no additional fund required for the scheme was not released by DWSM the VWSC president had obtained loan from Self Help Groups/Societies etc. for early completion of the scheme. The scheme is in the advanced stage of completion. Existing water supply is functioning and 99 HSC are working and the remaining are covered through public stand posts. 100% cost recovery is made for O & M of water supply scheme. As per the information furnished by the VWSC, a sum of Rs.78,975.00 was recovered and a sum of Rs.50,960.00 has been spent towards the O & M of the scheme as per the details given below:-

Following rates are being collected as water and sanitation :-
Water supply through
House Service Connection Rs .640/- per year
Stand Post Rs. 75/- per year
Sanitation charge Rs. 72/- per year

All houses in the village are having individual house hold latrines with different models of super structure. Cloth is also used as super structure at a cost of Rs.125/-. A women community sanitary complex is under construction near the bus stand on main road which is to be used as a pay and use latrine.

During the construction cube test was carried out to find out the Strength of concrete etc.
Registers are maintained in VWSCs. Cash book, material/stock register, laboratory test (water quality test) register, chlorination test (or test) leakage register, community contribution etc.

13 committees are functioning in the village.
- Tata filter is used in the village (in the houses) for treatment of water.
- Computer is used to maintain records in the village.
- Water conservation, harvesting is practised in the village.
- Composing is being attempted in the village.
- Water Supply and Sanitation single bank Account is maintained.

9.1 Plan and Implementation in Dhule District

Planning & implementation of schemes under SR Pilot Project in the district are implemented by adopting any one of the following approaches as approved by Gram Sabha :

1. Directly by VWSC;
2. VWSC with the support of NGO;
3. VWSC with the support of Consultant.

9.2 Processes in SRP in Planning and Implementation

Initial IEC in the village for awareness & mobolizationmy NGO/DWSC;

Gram Sabha passes resolution expressing demand for water supply scheme;

Gram Sabha looks at various options for water supply schemes-both source and delivery systems;

Rough cost estimate of all options proposed with the help of Z.P. SRP District Support Unit (DSU);

Gram Sabha selects one option out of all rough estimates;

Detailed plan estimate prepared by Consultant selected by Gram Sabha from among the list of Consultants empanelled by DWSM ( or other of similar qualifications through calling for quotations); Gram Sabha approves the final estimate and submits to DWSM for sanction;

Plans and estimates are scrutinized and Technically sanctioned by Core Group of DWSM.

After verifying the 10% public contribution, A/A of the scheme is accorded by DWSC .

GOI funds are released in installments to bank accounts of respective VWSCs;

DWSC either decides to go in for turnkey contract or do it themselves or through Consultants;

VWSC appoints a Consultant for supervision of work(upto 5% of the project cost as Consultancy fees;

If VWSC goes for turnkey contract,the VWSC places adv. in newspaper for contractor, gives tender documents (prepared by VWSC based on sample tender documents prepared by DWSC, with the help of Consultant);

Out of tenders received, the Gram Sabha selects Contractor quoting lowest rates;

Contractor procures material, does civil work;

Consultant, VWSC, Engineer of DWSC supervises the work;

If VWSC does project on it own, it procures material based on quiotations/tenders, may give out contract part of work like construction of well, overhead resrvoir, etc.Supervision is by Consultant, VWSC, Engineer of DWSC;\

VWSC undertakes overall monitoring, fund management, etc;

Periodic Capacity Development Activities are undertaken by NGO/dwsc teams.

Quality control of works and material are done under the guidance of Core Group.

10. Observation and Recommendations on SRP in Amravati District

10.1 Observations

In 756 habitations VWScs formed and 705 VWSCs have opened bank account. However. Only for 127 habitations schemes have been taken up. Out of 127 only 253 schemes have been completed(43 village water supply schemes & 210 school WS). Hence, more demand for funds . Demand for new schemes are there. leased to VWSCs are not sufficient for completion of 638 ongoing (83 VWS + 554 school WS). Schemes have not been taken up for implementation during the last 1-4 months for want of funds. Hence, VWSCs requested for early release of funds.

Single bank account is opened for implementation of SRP, TSC Projects and O & M of schemes.No involvement of district collector in the project implementation.Involvement of district officials other than District Collector is more and visible.Quality of construction needs improvement Cost of the schemes are being implemented by VWSCs and are very much involved in the implementation.

Schemes based on ground water sources should be recharged through rain water harvesting structures/spot recharging.;

Quality of construction needs improvement;

VWSCs are more transparent and records/registers are maintained;.

Most of the villages are water quality connections and have either installed chlorinating plants or chlorinating is done through bleaching powder;.

Planning and implementation of schemes are being carried by VWSCs through

contractors/consultants.;

More training should be given to VWSC on various aspects of O & M schemes.

11. Recommendations

In most of the VWSCs single bank account is opened/maintained for the implementation of Sector Reform Projects and Total Sanitation campaign projects and O & M of Water Supply Schemes. Separate Bank Account should be opened/maintained for implementation of SRP. TSC projects and O & M of water supply schemes.

Quality of construction should be maintained as per prescribed standards.

Schemes based on ground water sources should be recharged through rain water harvesting structures/spot recharging etc.

Existing level of training etc. is not sufficient and effective. Hence more thrust should be given on training of VWSCs on various aspects of O & M of schemes.

Funds released to VWSCs are not sufficient for completion of ongoing schemes. Moreover schemes have not been taken up for implementation during the last 1-4 months for want of funds. Hence, the next installment of funds due to the district subject to the fulfillment of conditions prescribed by Government of India as per the details given below :-

(Rs. in lakhs)

The State Government officials have also mentioned that they lost 1-4 months in the implementation and due to rains they may not be able to take up the schemes for one more month. They also mentioned that they would be able to complete the schemes provided the funds are released before the end of August, 2003.

Considering the above and the number of bank account opened (705 Nos.) etc. it is recommended that the
second installment due to the district may be released early.

The district may be allowed to utilise the unused funds of IEC, HRD, Administration for implementation of hardware activities.

11.1 Observation and Recommendations on SRP in Dhule District

11.1.1 Initial hiccups and delay

(a) Dhule District was selected as SR District vide Department of Drinking Water Supply,MORD, Govt.of India, D.O. letter No.RWS-1099/CR-319/WS-07, dated 23 August,1999. DWSM was registered by Societies Act 1860 on 15 September,2000. DWSC was formed on 14 November,2000.It took about one year to register DWSM and more than one year to form DWSC.

(b) It took 9 months to complete institutionalization Phase.

(c) Selection of 11 umbrella NGOs and Govt. appvoval took about one year & five months.

(d) Difference of opinions between the then President and Member Secretary (CEO of the District and Chairman of DWSC) of DWSM in selection of NGOs for SR Pilot Project lost about Eight months.With the Govt. intervention and relocation of the President and M.S (CEO) of DWSM,the initial hiccups have been resolved.The Riview Mission observed excellent understanding between present incumbents in so far as SR Pilot Project implementation.

(e) Absence of adoption of Systemic Planning Process initially ( as for example VWSC Dhadra received Technical Consultancy support prior to IEC & HRD resulting in complete change in plan & estimate after IEC & HRD inputs. Based on initial estimate of the Technical Consultant,VWSC started collection of beneficiaries contribution(10%).After IEC $ HDR inputs,VWSC has decided an alternate “source” for the water supply scheme. Plan and estimate for the scheme is yet to be prepared).

(f) Technical Consultant was not sensitized with the SR Process resulting in delay preparation of plan and estimate.

(g) Awareness workshops,Training Programmes by Mahapani (a consortium formed by 4 firms/Institution), as part of capacity building, concentrated mainly at 3 levels viz, elected representatives, officers of DSU and representatives of 2 NGOs in Dhule District. The most important level i.s VWSC members were neglected initially. The Review Mission has brought their observation into the notice of the Chairman of DWSC(CEO in Dhule) and President of DWSM during briefing meeting on 31 July,2003 in Dhule. The initial hiccups are being solved as informed by CEO and Chairman of DWSC.

11.1.2 Role of Community and Demand driven approach

High degree community participation in decision making process in areas like selection of source, scheme, award of work, purchase of material, determination of beneficiaries contribution from each household, O& M process. fixation of water tariff, duration of supply, maintaining water quality etc. has been observed in the villages, visited by the Review Mission, where IEC & HRD inputs have reached.

11.1.3 Need for cohesive effort at District level

Health & Education Departments’ contribution to the effective implementation of SR process is not visible. Officers & field staff of these two Departments at District and village levels need to be proactive in SR process and its implementation. During the briefing meetings with the Principal Secretary, Dept. of Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation ,Govt, of Maharashtra on 1 August,2003 at Mumbai and with the President of the DWSM and the Chairman (CEO of the District and MS of DWSM) of the DWSC on 31 July, 2003 at Dhule,the above observation of the Review Mission was brought to their notice for consideration and appropriate action. The Principal Secretary appreciated the observation and agreed to send appropriate advice to all concerned in Districts.

11.1.4 Need for Health Impact Assessment

Health department has to play a major role to initiate pre-project and post-project Health surveys in SRP villages in order to ascertain the impact of SRP implementation on human health in the SRP villages and give a feed back to the DWSM & DWSC for effective implementation of SRP by VWSC. Observation was brought to the notice of CEO and Principal Secretary. They have agreed to consider the suggestion in consultation with Health Department.

11.1.5 User satisfaction

Not a single scheme under SRP is completed in the District,it was not possible to assess user satisfaction. However, those who had given their share of contribution for the SRP implementation,are awaiting with lots of hope of getting sustainable supply of drinking water with assured quantity and quality.

11.1.6 Integration of Water supply and Sanitation

Though the Department is known as Water supply and Sanitation Department, but at field level such integrated approach is absent. While visiting Takli Pada wadi (100% Tribal population) which is one of the three wadis of a main village, it was observed that the this wadi has been made 100% “open defecation free” recently. This has been possible with the strong IEC & HRD support for sanitation by a dedicated NGO. In this village,2 Hand Pumps present of which only one is working and the other is non –functioning for a long time. There is one Sanitation Committee in this wadi. But in this Sanitation Committee, there is no representative from the VWSC which is established in the main village of this wadi. Similarly, in the Sanitation Committee of this wadi, there is no representative of VWSC of the main village. IEC & HRD strategy and activities for water supply and sanitation at village level need to be integrated at the earliest for effective utilization manpower and money and get a better return of a Rupee being invested under SRP &TSC.

11.1.7 Development of Capacity Building Materials

As per the guidelinesof Maharashtra G.R. No.Graswaka-2000/cr-416/papu-16 Dated 16.9.2000,DWSC Dhule 4 Advertising agencies empanelled by State Govt. For preparation of IEC material. The material like Posters,Pamphlets,the Wall Calenders & Table Calenders were prepared. The Review Mission had the opportunity to see some of the publicity material in the villages visited by them. It was reported to the Mission that the IEC material developed under SRP has been distributed to the villages. The Mission was pleased to see the Training material developed by Mahapani in local Marathi Language for training of Multi Disciplinary Team(MDT) comprising of local representatives, BDOs, Dy. Engineers, JEs, MOs, EOs, ICDS/CDPOs, VP staff, Anganwadi workers, Extension Officers. The Mission had the opportunity to have an access to the following 16 Booklets handed over by Mahapani to Zilla Parishad, Dhule :

1. Village Water Supply & Sanitation Committee;
2. Selected Govt. Resolutions;
3. Meetings-Why and how to conduct;
4. A Guide for Water Supply & Sanitation Committee;
5. Formation and building of Groups;
6. Participation of Women;
7. Source Sustainability;
8. Various Options;
9. Procurement of materials;
10. Tendering;
11. Supervision;
12. Supervision and Evaluation through People’s Participation;
13. Social Audit Committee;
14. Operation and Maintenance;
\15. Water Recharge;
16. Dos and Do Nots.

11.1.8 Sound Technical Scrutiny of Water Supply Schemes

The Mission was pleased to note that proper scrutiny of source,pipe lines,pumps and pumping system, civil structure, ESR( taking into account capacity of existing ESR and giving priority to repair the existing ESR), etc. have saved about Rs.295.00 lakh under SRP in Dhule.

11.1.9 O & M and Water Tariff

Pimpalner Water Supply Scheme is one of the 12 ongoing schemes in advance stage of copmpetion by end of August,2003.The Mission visited this scheme and discussed in details with the chairperson and other members of the VWSC. The scheme followed all the processes and principles of SR Guidelines. This is a very good example of translation of Guidelines into practice. The actions which are yet to be taken by VWSC Pimpalner to get 100% marks are:

1. Immediate repair of the existing ESR;
2. Collect,collate all the documents relating to the existing scheme, particularly relevant to existing O & M system and collection of funds from beneficiaries for HH connections and PSPs.
3. Ensure that all members of this VWSC are trained immediately by DWSC ondifferent aspects of O & M;
4. Open receipt book,cash register, separate Bank Account and Pass Book for O & M of the scheme which is on the verge of completion by August,2003 end.
5. Preparation of Asset Register (including assets of the old existing scheme);
6. Independent (third party) evaluation of the scheme (including quality of construction,quality of materials used) after full completion of the scheme.
7. Constitute a 2 to 3 Member O & M Team (including one Tenically sound member) to look into day to day operation and maintenance of this scheme and provide support to VWSC for sustainability.
8. This is a very big scheme to be maintained by a VWSC. Appropriate MOU withGram Sabha is necessary for its sustainability.

The Review Mission is pleased to record their field observations on the concern of VWSC Pimpalner for O & M and tariff for this scheme:

(i) Existing water tariff:

(a) HH Connection : Rs. 365.00 per HH Connection per Year;
(b) PSP : Rs. 50.00 per PSP per Year.

(ii) Existing Numbers :

(a) HH Connections : 1000 Nos. ( out of existing 4450 HHs in the village).
(b) PSP Contribution : 3000 Nos. ( out of remaining 3450 HHs, 445 HHs BPL).

(iii) Current Collection for O & M

(as estimated in the absence of records readily available)
(a) From 500 HHs contributing @ Rs. 365/- per HH per Year = Rs.182,500/-
(b) From 900 HHs contributing @ Rs. 50/- per HH per Year = Rs. 45,000/-
Total per Year = Rs.227,500/

(iv) Current O & M Expenditure :

(a) Towards Salary of 6 Nos. staff for one Year = Rs.65,000/-

(b) Towards Electric bill @ Rs. 6500/- p/m for one Year= Rs.78,000/-
(c) Towards Consumbles :7 to 8 kg.BP per day @Rs.10.50 per kg. For one Year = Rs.120,000/-
Total one year = Rs.293,000/-

(v) Current Deficit to meet O & M expenditure in one Year = Rs.293,000/-

(-) Rs.227,000/-
= Rs.65,000/- per year

(vi) It noted by the Mission 50% HH connection and 70% PSP beneficiaries do not pay O & M tariff since they do not get services from the existing water supply scheme. They have agreed to pay when service conditions improve with the completion of ongoing SRP scheme in the village,as reported to the Mission by the Chairman of VWSC Pimpalner.

(vii) While checking the proceedings of the VWSC Pimpalner, it was observed during the last 3 meetings of the VWSC,they delebrated on O & M and tariff issues in details and in their meeting on 7 January,2003, VWSC decided to restrict annual O & M expenditure to Rs. 310,000/- as against approved annual expenditure of Rs.812,000/-as per approved SRP for this scheme. The Mission wanted to understand how the cost has been pruned down. The Mission was highly impressed to get technical clarification. The comparative statement as shown below clarified the query of the Mission.

Sl. Item As approved As approved in SRP document VWSC meeting on 7.1.2003.

1.Staff Salary(5 Nos.) Rs.249,000/- Rs. 85,000/-
@ Rs. 5000/- each @ Rs. 1500 each
2.Electricity Bill Rs.149,000/- Rs. 130,000/-
(In estimate unit cost: H.P.basis:
176140 units per 30 H.P.@ Rs.750/-
year@Rs. O.75 per unit) per H.P. per year)
3.Consumbles ( BP) Rs.22,100/- Rs. 25,000/-
( 1.84 MT ultimate (2.33 MT @ Rs.10.50 per
@Rs. 12/- per kg. with kg. with 2 ppm dose
1 ppm dose as advised by Medical
assuming 33% Officer in the District,
available cholorine in BP) assuming 33% av. Cl.in BP)
4.Depreciation Rs. 111,000/- Rs. 50,000/-
5.Breakage etc. Rs. 49,000/- Rs. 25,000/-
Total per year : Rs.812,000/- Rs.310,000/-
to be collected from 4000 HHs

(viii) The Mission noted with satisfaction that VWSC with the technical support from a consultant has decided to prune down annual O & M expenditure substantially and there by saving of the order of Rs.502,000/-per year O & M expenditure.
(ix) Revenue Collection Planned on completion of the scheme
(a) 1000 HHs contributing @ Rs. 365/- per HH per Year =Rs.365,000/-
(b) 3000 HHs contributing @ Rs. 50/- per HH per Year = Rs.150,000/-
Total per Year = Rs. 515,000/-
(x) Annual saving envisaged : RS. 515,000/- Rs. 310,000/- = Rs. 205,000/-*
(xi) The Chairman of the VWSC Pimpalner mentioned to the Mission that they are thinking to keep the savings in fixed deposit as seed money for future utilization on the scheme as would be required .This is a very good thinking of the VWSC.
against current annual deficit of Rs.65,000/-
(xii) Water Quality Consciousness The field visit revealed that VWSCs are being trained to maintain quality of water they would providing to the beneficiaries. DWSC should ensure that all VWSCs staff are trained in this area and waterquality is maintained in the SRP Villages.

TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN PROJECTS (TSC) IN AMRAVATI & DHULE DISTRICTS
1.1 Amaravati District – Total Sanitation Campaign Project:

The total sanitation campaign (TSC) Project for Amravati district was approved by Government of India during 2000 for an estimated cost of Rs.1660.40 lakhs as per the details given below:-

The physical target proposed to be achieved is as follows :-

A sum of Rs.329.30 lakhs have been released by Government of India during March, 2002. The project is to be completed in a period of 3 years. The State Government has proposed to construct 25,000 Nos. individual household latrines for SCs (15,000 Nos.) and STs (10,000 Nos.)

1.2 Dhule Total Sanitation Campaign Project

As regards Dhule a TSC project was approved on 14 Feb.,2000 total cost of Rs. 1084.55 lakh ( GOI share:Rs.722.80 lakh,State share :Rs.220.78 lakh,Beneficiary Contribution ; Rs.140.97 lakh).

During briefing meeting at Mumbai on 29 July,2003 the Review Mission could gather the following information in respect of Amaravati and Dhule districts::

( Rs. In Lakh)

Out of Rs.562.50 lakhs a sum of Rs.436.25 lakhs (as per the 77.55%)- details given below) have been utilised upto June, 2002. Thus a sum of Rs.150.41 lakhs is available with Amravati district considering the data of approval, release of funds etc. the physical and financial progress achieved is poor. Out of 1,50,000 individual household toilets proposed only 26,925 have been constructed upto 30.6.2003 and out of 42 women sanitarry complex and 1465 school toilets proposed o6 women complex and 464 school latrines have been constructed so far. Out of 10 RCM/PCs proposed 2 have been installed.

Against available fund of Rs.378.86 lakh, expenditure reported was only Rs.176.41lakh (46.32%) leaving behind Rs.202.45 lakh yet to me utilized as on 29 July,2003 in Dhule. Fund utilization particularly GOI share is “very poor”.Phyical progress as noted during discussion is also “ unsatisfactory”.During the year so far only 107 latrines provided in 107 primary schools.Separate toilets for Boys and Girls provided in 107 schools.One Rural Sanitary Mart/Production Centre reported to established against target of 19 Nos.

2. Field Visits

During field visit (30-31 July,2003), Shri C. Ganapathyl visited the ‘Total Sanitation Campaign’ project area in Amravati District and Sri M.M.Datta in Dhule District. During the field visit the Review Mission could meet the district officials, VWSC members, non-officials in the villages, NGOs. etc. and had discussions with them. List of officials met is given in Annex.1. List of places visited is given in Annex-2.

2.1 Institutional Frame Work

2.1.1 In both the Districts,State Water and Sanitation Missions have been constituted by Government of Maharashtra. Copy of Government Order is given in Annex.4. The President, Zilla Panchayat, Amravati and the Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Panchayat, Amravati are members of SWSM. It is to be mentioned here that all the Presidents of Zilla Panchayats and Chief Executive Officers(CEOs.) of Zilla Panchayats of the Pilot Projects Sector Reform Projects are members of the State Water and Sanitation Mission.

2.1.2 District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM)

Both in Amaravati and Dhule,District Water and Sanitation Missions have been constituted in the District and is headed by President, Zilla Panchayat and the Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Panchayat is the Member Secretary. Copy of Government Order given in Annex.5.

2.1.3 District Water and Sanitation Committee (DWSC)

District Water Committee and District Sanitation Committees have been formed both in Amaravati and Dhule for the implementation of Sector Reform Projects and Total Sanitation Campaign Projects. District Water and Sanitation Committees are headed by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Zilla Panchayat and Executive Engineer, Zilla Panchayat is the Member Secretary for the Water Committee and Additional Chief Executive Officer is the Member Secretary for the District Sanitation Committee. Copy of Government Order is given in Annex.6.

2.1.4 Village Water and Sanitation Committee

Sector Reform Projects and Total Sanitation Projects are implemented through village Water and Sanitation Committees formed at village levelsboth in Amravati and Dhule Districts.

In Amravati, out of 1631 villages, 756 VWSCs have been formed upto end of July, 2003 and 705 VWSCs. Have opened bank accounts. MOU has been signed by 127 villages and for all the 127 villages water supply schemes have been prepared and approved and under implementation or completed.

In Dhule out of 986 villages,670 villages formed VWSCs of which 117 VWSCs started public contribution.61 VWSCs mobilized public contribution,opened bank accounts and deposited the money as on 30 June,2003 for SRPfor water supply schemes. No separate collection of public contribution ,opening of bank account for TSC has been observed in the villages visited by the Review Mission.

2.1.5 Support Organisation (S.O.)

Both in Amravati and Dhule, Mahapani Consortium, Pune (Scott Wilson Krickpatrick Pvt. Ltd., Delhi) and Swayam Shikshan Prayog, Mumbai are working as support organisations in this district for capacity development and other training facilities for NGOs., officials, non-officials, VWSc members, GP members etc. Details given in Annex.7.

2.1.6 Core Group

Both in Amravati and Dhule, Core Group has been formed by respective DWSC with the following members for smooth and speedy implementation of the projects:-

a..Project Manager and Addl. CEO

b. Deputy CEO, Panchayat

c. Executive Engineer (RWSS)

d. Geologist

e. District Coordinator (Kum.Sangita Pande)

f. RuraL Technical Officer (Sh.Nitin Umap)

g. Sectional Engineers

h. Project Assistant

i. Accounts Officer.

2.1.7 NGOs.

Three NGOs. have been appointed by Government of Maharashtra to provide support to SRPs and TSC and are with DWSC as members. They are also involved in the implementation of IEC activities in both the District. Details given in Annex.8. Following are the three NGOs. working in both the Districts :

1. Sahyog Youth Welfare Society, Amravati.

2. Sanskar Vahani Gram Vikas Sikshan Sanstha, Amravati.

3. Shri Gajanan Maharaj Khrush Va Shaikshauik Sanstha, Umbukhed, Tauk Deogaon Raja, Amravati.

Shri Naodkishor Javarkar from Ground Water Survey and Development, Ku.Sangita Pande and Shri Nitin Umap have been appointed on contract basis for implementation of the project.in Amravati District

3. Selection of Village

Due to effective base line survey the exact need of sanitation and drinking water supply problem/requirement of the village was assessed,as observed in both the Districts. By selecting such village for execution of water supply and sanitation schemes through community participation different IEC tools like information booklets, flash cards, posters, flip charts, leaflets, pamphlet, folk songs, street plays, documentary films etc. were used and process of community participation and collection of community contribution has been achieved.

In Amravati,out of 1631 villages/habitations in 1040 habitations IEC activities were taken up, in 756 habitations VWSCs formed and in 705 habitations/VWSCs bank accounts have been opened. About 6600 persons have been trained so far in various aspects/activities involved in the implementation of Sector Reform Projects and Total Sanitation Campaign projects in the district.

A sum of Rs.40.80 lakh has been contributed by the beneficiaries/panchayats so far towards the implementation of TSC projects in Amravati..

26,925 individual household toilets (8360 for BPL + 18,565 for APL), six (6) Women Sanitary Complexes and 464 school latrines have been constructed so far out of 10 (2) Two Rural Sanitary Mart/Production centre has been installed.

4. Choice of Technology
4.1 Individual household toilets

It was reported to the Review Mission that in both in Amravati and Dhule individual household toilets are being constructed according to the demand and most of the villages are having less number of toilets than the total number of houses in the village. Hence, many of the villages still practice open defecation and not much improvement in the village is seen.

For Rs.625/- the ceramic squatting pan fixed along with the precuts concrete platform and four square rings of about 20 cm. are supplied at site by the Sippon Ceramics Pvt. Ltd., Amravati and the beneficiary is to construct/dig the pit The rings are placed in the one over the above and in between the rings two half bricks are kept at four corners and one at middle. The district officials mentioned that the gap thus provided would enable the liquid to flow out/seep through. Since the gap is big there is a possibility of mud entering the pit. This was informed to the district officials and informed them about the possibility of putting holes in the ring and various other options were discussed with the district officials and M/s.Sippon Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. Also. He has promised to make some changes in the ring. He also mentioned that the demand is less and lot of products are lying in his factory.

Due to effective base line survey the exact need of sanitation and drinking water supply problem/requirement of the village was assessed. By selecting such village for execution of water supply and sanitation schemes through community participation different IEC tools like information booklets, flash cards, posters, flip charts, leaflets, pamphlet, folk songs, street plays, documentary films etc. were used and process of community participation and collection of community contributions are being achieved.

Out of 1631 villages/habitations in 1040 habitations IEC activities were taken up, in 756 habitations VWSCs formed and in 705 habitations/VWSCs bank accounts have been opened. About 6600 persons have been trained so far in various aspects/activities involved in the implementation of Sector Reform Projects and Total Sanitation Campaign projects in the Amravati District.

In Amravati out of 6 villages visited by Sri C.Ganapathy, two villages were said to be fully covered and all the houses in the village (Zada and Ajni) are having individual toilets and the district officials mentioned that these villages are free from open defecation.

In Dhule out of 4 villages visided by Sri M.M.Datta, one (Takli Pada 100% Tribal population) village has been 100% open “defication free”. This was possible with strong and appropriate IEC & HRD inputs by a dedicated grass route NGO.

5. Women Sanitary Complex

In village Zada which is fully covered the construction of Women Sanitary Complex is under construction and is nearing completion. The President of the village mentioned that even though each house is having a toilet the women of the wanted a women sanitary complex as they can meet in place and exchange views etc. The toilets in the complex are not having door. Water Supply and electricity is to be and this will be used as a ‘pay and use’ toilet. This is constructed outside the village on the main and nearer to the bus stand.

6. Sanitation Park/RMS

A Sanitation Park highlighting the the various models and concepts of the TSC has been completed in Dhule Z.P. premises under the guidance of Center of Science for villages(CSV),Wardha to inspire the people to take up such schemes & models through VWSCs.

7. Obervations and Recommendations
7.1 Major Problems

In poor implementation of TSC in Amravati & Dhule ,the Mission feels that the following factors are playing major role :

* Sanitation is not a felt need

Poor motivation

Lack of appropriate IEC & HRD

Poor capacity building for sanitation

Poor technical support

Design of toilet,pit coverslab and squatting plate

Absence of integrated Guidelines for RWS and Sanitation.

7.2 VWSC Structure and its Role

The focus of attention of existing VWSCs in both the Districts is on water supply.Sanitation has not received the required attention by the respective VWSC. VWSCs need to be strengthened and sensitized to adopt integrated approach and undertake activities of both water supply and sanitation with equal priority, if not more priority to sanitation.

7.3 Role of DWSC in Sanitation

The Chairman (CEO) to ensure that DWSC adopt a more pro-active role for TSC in the District.

7.4 Public Contribution

Guidence to VWSCs need to be strengthed by DWSC through appropriate NGOs for mobilization of public funds for sanitation in TSC and SRP villages in amaravati and Dhule Districts.

7.5 Priority to capacity building for sanitation at block and village levels

DWSC should ensure that priority is given to sanitation to strengthed capacity at block and village levels.More training workshops at block and village levels are required in these two SRP Districts.

IEC & HRD activities for water supply and sanitation to be integrated SRP & TSC to be implemented in a more cohesive and integrated manner in these two districts.Integration of water supply and sanitation is urgently needed at block and village levels.DWSC should ensure that all IEC & HRD materials and activities are produced and implemented in an integrated manner.

Considering the expenditure incurred in Amravati District the team recommends that the second second installment due to the district may be released to the fulfilment of conditions prescribed by the Ministry for the release of next installment.

8. Need for Health Impact Assessment

Health Department has to play a major role to initiate pre-project and post–project health surveys in TSC villages in order to ascertain the impact of TSC on human health, keeping in view that as per rule of business “sanitation” which relates to Public Health, is a subject matter of the Department of Health. Time to time feed back from the Health Department to DWSC is essential so that DWSC would be in a position to take appropriate mid-course correction for effective implementation of TSC through VWSCs. The Review Mission feels that the Health Department may also contribute towards IEC activities for sanitation through their manpower available for Rural Health Services at District, Block and Village levels.

(M.M.DATTA)
SANITARY ENGINEER W.H.O. (Retd)

(C. GANAPATHY)
ADDL. ADVISER(PHE)

ANNEX - 1

ANNEX-2

LIST OF PLACES VISITED BY THE REVIEW MISSION IN AMARAVATI & DHULE